Initial commit

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target

Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prout"
+version = "0.1.0"

Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "prout"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+# PROUT
+
+* Programmable
+* Repeatable
+* Opinionated
+* Understandable
+* Tiny
+
+## Description
+
+PROUT is a minimal programming language providing tools to automate file management like backups, building process or unit testing.
+
+## Usage
+
+> Currently only supported in unix environment.
+
+```sh
+
+$ prout hello_world.pr
+
+
+```
+
+## Author
+
+- JOLIMAITRE Matthieu <matthieu@imagevo.fr>, developper

src/execution_tree/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Program {
+    pub main_scope_id: Id,
+    pub scopes: HashMap<Id, Scope>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Id(u64); // u64::MAX = 18_446_744_073_709_551_615
+impl Id {
+    pub fn zero() -> Self {
+        Self(0)
+    }
+    pub fn next(self) -> Self {
+        let Self(id) = self;
+        Self(id + 1)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Expr(Box<ExprInner>);
+
+impl Expr {
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &ExprInner {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_scope(scope_id: Id) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Scope(scope_id)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_literal(literal: Literal) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Literal(literal)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_definition(variable_definition: VarDef) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarDef(variable_definition)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_assignment(variable_assignment: VarAssign) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarAssign(variable_assignment)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_call(variable_call: VarCall) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarCall(variable_call)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_definition(function_definition: FnDef) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnDef(function_definition)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_call(function_call: FnCall) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnCall(function_call)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_return(function_return: FnRet) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnRet(function_return)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_loop(loop_: Loop) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Loop(loop_)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_loop_break(loop_break: LoopBr) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::LoopBr(loop_break)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_condition(condition: Cond) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Cond(condition)))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ExprInner {
+    Scope(Id),
+    Literal(Literal),
+    VarDef(VarDef),
+    VarAssign(VarAssign),
+    VarCall(VarCall),
+    FnDef(FnDef),
+    FnCall(FnCall),
+    FnRet(FnRet),
+    Loop(Loop),
+    LoopBr(LoopBr),
+    Cond(Cond),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Scope {
+    pub scope_id: Id,
+    pub parent_scope_id: Option<Id>,
+    pub local_variables: Vec<Id>,
+    pub expressions: Vec<Expr>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Literal(pub Value);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarDef {
+    pub variable_id: Id,
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarAssign {
+    pub variable_id: Id,
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarCall {
+    pub variable_id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnDef {
+    pub parameter_ids: Vec<Id>,
+    pub body_scope_id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnCall {
+    pub variable_id: Id,
+    pub arguments: Vec<Expr>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnRet {
+    pub value: Expr,
+    pub function_scope_id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Loop {
+    pub body_scope_id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LoopBr {
+    pub value: Expr,
+    pub loop_scope_id: Id,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Cond {
+    pub condition: Expr,
+    pub arm_true: Expr,
+    pub arm_false: Option<Expr>,
+}
+
+pub mod parser;

src/execution_tree/parser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, rc::Rc, sync::Mutex};
+
+use crate::{
+    execution_tree::{self, Id},
+    syntax_tree,
+    value::Value,
+};
+
+pub struct ParserBuilder {
+    prelude: Vec<(String, Value)>,
+}
+
+impl ParserBuilder {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let prelude = Vec::new();
+        Self { prelude }
+    }
+
+    pub fn prelude(&mut self, name: String, value: Value) {
+        self.prelude.push((name, value));
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Parser {
+    scopes: HashMap<Id, execution_tree::Scope>,
+}
+
+impl Parser {
+    pub fn parse<F>(ast: syntax_tree::Program, builder: F) -> execution_tree::Program
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut ParserBuilder),
+    {
+        let syntax_tree::Program { mut body } = ast;
+
+        let mut parser = Self {
+            scopes: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        let parser_scope = ParserScope::new_root();
+        let mut parser_builder = ParserBuilder::new();
+        builder(&mut parser_builder);
+        for (name, value) in parser_builder.prelude.into_iter().rev() {
+            let value = syntax_tree::Expr::new_literal(value);
+            let expression = syntax_tree::Expr::new_variable_definition(name, value);
+            body.instructions.insert(0, expression);
+        }
+
+        let body_scope_id = parser.parse_ast_scope(body, &parser_scope);
+
+        let Self { scopes } = parser;
+        execution_tree::Program {
+            main_scope_id: body_scope_id,
+            scopes,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_ast_scope(
+        &mut self,
+        ast_scope: syntax_tree::Scope,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::Id {
+        let syntax_tree::Scope { instructions } = ast_scope;
+
+        let scope_id = parser_scope.get_current_id();
+        let parent_scope_id = parser_scope.get_parent_id();
+        let expressions = instructions
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|expression| self.parse_expression(expression, &parser_scope))
+            .collect();
+        let local_variables = parser_scope.local_variable_ids();
+
+        let scope = execution_tree::Scope {
+            parent_scope_id,
+            scope_id,
+            expressions,
+            local_variables,
+        };
+        self.scopes.insert(scope_id, scope);
+        scope_id
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_expression(
+        &mut self,
+        expression: syntax_tree::Expr,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::Expr {
+        let inner = expression.into_inner();
+        match inner {
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::Scope(scope) => {
+                let parser_scope = parser_scope.make_child_common();
+                let scope = self.parse_ast_scope(scope, &parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_scope(scope)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::Literal(literal) => {
+                let literal = self.parse_literal(literal);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_literal(literal)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::VarDef(variable_definition) => {
+                let variable_definition =
+                    self.parse_variable_definition(variable_definition, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_variable_definition(variable_definition)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::VarAssign(variable_assignment) => {
+                let variable_assignment =
+                    self.parse_variable_assignment(variable_assignment, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_variable_assignment(variable_assignment)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::VarCall(variable_call) => {
+                let variable_call = self.parse_variable_call(variable_call, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_variable_call(variable_call)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::FnDef(function_definition) => {
+                let function_definition =
+                    self.parse_function_definition(function_definition, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_function_definition(function_definition)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::FnCall(function_call) => {
+                let function_call = self.parse_function_call(function_call, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_function_call(function_call)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::FnRet(function_return) => {
+                let function_return = self.parse_function_return(function_return, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_function_return(function_return)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::Loop(loop_) => {
+                let loop_ = self.parse_loop(loop_, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_loop(loop_)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::LoopBr(loop_break) => {
+                let loop_break = self.parse_loop_break(loop_break, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_loop_break(loop_break)
+            }
+            syntax_tree::ExprInner::Cond(condition) => {
+                let condition = self.parse_condition(condition, parser_scope);
+                execution_tree::Expr::new_condition(condition)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_literal(&mut self, literal: syntax_tree::Literal) -> execution_tree::Literal {
+        let syntax_tree::Literal(value) = literal;
+        execution_tree::Literal(value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_variable_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        variable_definition: syntax_tree::VarDef,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::VarDef {
+        let syntax_tree::VarDef { name, value } = variable_definition;
+        let value = self.parse_expression(value, parser_scope);
+        let variable_id = parser_scope.add_name(name);
+        execution_tree::VarDef { value, variable_id }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_variable_assignment(
+        &mut self,
+        variable_assignment: syntax_tree::VarAssign,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::VarAssign {
+        let syntax_tree::VarAssign { name, value } = variable_assignment;
+        let value = self.parse_expression(value, parser_scope);
+        let variable_id = parser_scope
+            .get_variable_id(&name)
+            .expect("assignment to undefined variable");
+        execution_tree::VarAssign { value, variable_id }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_variable_call(
+        &mut self,
+        variable_call: syntax_tree::VarCall,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::VarCall {
+        let syntax_tree::VarCall { name } = variable_call;
+        let variable_id = parser_scope
+            .get_variable_id(&name)
+            .expect("call of undefined variable");
+        execution_tree::VarCall { variable_id }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_function_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        function_definition: syntax_tree::FnDef,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::FnDef {
+        let syntax_tree::FnDef {
+            body,
+            parameter_names,
+        } = function_definition;
+
+        let parser_scope = parser_scope.make_child_common();
+        let parameter_ids = parameter_names
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|name| parser_scope.add_name(name))
+            .collect();
+        let body_scope_id = self.parse_ast_scope(body, &parser_scope);
+
+        execution_tree::FnDef {
+            body_scope_id,
+            parameter_ids,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_function_call(
+        &mut self,
+        function_call: syntax_tree::FnCall,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::FnCall {
+        let syntax_tree::FnCall { name, arguments } = function_call;
+
+        let variable_id = parser_scope
+            .get_variable_id(&name)
+            .expect("call of undeclared function");
+        let parameters = arguments
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|argument| self.parse_expression(argument, parser_scope))
+            .collect();
+
+        execution_tree::FnCall {
+            arguments: parameters,
+            variable_id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_function_return(
+        &mut self,
+        function_return: syntax_tree::FnRet,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::FnRet {
+        let syntax_tree::FnRet { value } = function_return;
+
+        let value = self.parse_expression(value, parser_scope);
+        let function_scope_id = parser_scope
+            .get_current_function_id()
+            .expect("returning outside a function");
+
+        execution_tree::FnRet {
+            value,
+            function_scope_id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_loop(
+        &mut self,
+        loop_: syntax_tree::Loop,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::Loop {
+        let syntax_tree::Loop { body } = loop_;
+
+        let parser_scope = parser_scope.make_child_loop();
+        let body_scope_id = self.parse_ast_scope(body, &parser_scope);
+
+        execution_tree::Loop { body_scope_id }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_loop_break(
+        &mut self,
+        loop_break: syntax_tree::LoopBr,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::LoopBr {
+        let syntax_tree::LoopBr { value } = loop_break;
+
+        let value = self.parse_expression(value, parser_scope);
+        let loop_scope_id = parser_scope
+            .get_current_loop_id()
+            .expect("breaking outside a loop");
+
+        execution_tree::LoopBr {
+            value,
+            loop_scope_id,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse_condition(
+        &mut self,
+        condition: syntax_tree::Cond,
+        parser_scope: &ParserScope,
+    ) -> execution_tree::Cond {
+        let syntax_tree::Cond {
+            condition,
+            arm_true,
+            arm_false,
+        } = condition;
+
+        let condition = self.parse_expression(condition, parser_scope);
+        let arm_true = self.parse_expression(arm_true, parser_scope);
+        let arm_false = arm_false.map(|arm_false| self.parse_expression(arm_false, parser_scope));
+
+        execution_tree::Cond {
+            condition,
+            arm_true,
+            arm_false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct ParserScopeVariables {
+    parent_scope: Option<Rc<Mutex<ParserScopeVariables>>>,
+    local_variables: HashMap<String, Id>,
+}
+
+impl ParserScopeVariables {
+    pub fn get_id(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.get_id_in_local(name)
+            .or_else(|| self.get_id_in_parents(name))
+    }
+
+    fn get_id_in_local(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.local_variables.get(name).cloned()
+    }
+
+    fn get_id_in_parents(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.parent_scope
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|parent| parent.lock().unwrap().get_id(name))
+    }
+
+    fn local_variable_ids(&self) -> Vec<Id> {
+        self.local_variables.values().cloned().collect()
+    }
+
+    fn add_name(&mut self, name: String, id: Id) {
+        let _dropped = self.local_variables.insert(name, id);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clonable, shareable.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ParserScope {
+    variables: Rc<Mutex<ParserScopeVariables>>,
+    next_global_id: Rc<Mutex<Id>>,
+    current_id: Id,
+    parent_id: Option<Id>,
+    current_function_scope_id: Option<Id>,
+    current_loop_scope_id: Option<Id>,
+}
+
+impl ParserScope {
+    pub fn new_root() -> Self {
+        let current_id = Id::zero();
+        let next_global_id = current_id.next();
+        let variables = ParserScopeVariables {
+            local_variables: HashMap::new(),
+            parent_scope: None,
+        };
+        Self {
+            parent_id: None,
+            current_id,
+            next_global_id: Rc::new(Mutex::new(next_global_id)),
+            variables: Rc::new(Mutex::new(variables)),
+            current_function_scope_id: None,
+            current_loop_scope_id: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_child_common(&self) -> Self {
+        let variables = ParserScopeVariables {
+            local_variables: HashMap::new(),
+            parent_scope: Some(self.variables.clone()),
+        };
+        Self {
+            parent_id: Some(self.get_current_id()),
+            next_global_id: self.next_global_id.clone(),
+            variables: Rc::new(Mutex::new(variables)),
+            current_id: self.request_new_id(),
+            current_function_scope_id: self.get_current_function_id(),
+            current_loop_scope_id: self.get_current_loop_id(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_child_function(&self) -> Self {
+        let variables = ParserScopeVariables {
+            local_variables: HashMap::new(),
+            parent_scope: Some(self.variables.clone()),
+        };
+
+        let current_id = self.request_new_id();
+
+        Self {
+            parent_id: Some(self.get_current_id()),
+            next_global_id: self.next_global_id.clone(),
+            variables: Rc::new(Mutex::new(variables)),
+            current_id,
+            current_function_scope_id: Some(current_id.clone()),
+            current_loop_scope_id: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn make_child_loop(&self) -> Self {
+        let variables = ParserScopeVariables {
+            local_variables: HashMap::new(),
+            parent_scope: Some(self.variables.clone()),
+        };
+
+        let current_id = self.request_new_id();
+
+        Self {
+            parent_id: Some(self.get_current_id()),
+            next_global_id: self.next_global_id.clone(),
+            variables: Rc::new(Mutex::new(variables)),
+            current_id,
+            current_function_scope_id: self.get_current_function_id(),
+            current_loop_scope_id: Some(current_id.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_current_id(&self) -> Id {
+        self.current_id.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_current_function_id(&self) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.current_function_scope_id.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_current_loop_id(&self) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.current_loop_scope_id.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_parent_id(&self) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.parent_id.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_variable_id(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Id> {
+        self.variables.lock().unwrap().get_id(name)
+    }
+
+    fn request_new_id(&self) -> Id {
+        let mut next_id_ref = self.next_global_id.lock().unwrap();
+        let id = *next_id_ref;
+        *next_id_ref = id.next();
+        id
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_name(&self, name: String) -> Id {
+        let new_id = self.request_new_id();
+        self.variables.lock().unwrap().add_name(name, new_id);
+        new_id
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_anonymous(&self) -> Id {
+        self.request_new_id()
+    }
+
+    pub fn local_variable_ids(&self) -> Vec<Id> {
+        self.variables.lock().unwrap().local_variable_ids()
+    }
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+pub mod execution_tree;
+pub mod prelude;
+pub mod runtime;
+pub mod syntax_tree;
+pub mod value;
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world!");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn it_works() {
+    use crate::execution_tree::parser::Parser;
+    use crate::prelude::std_prelude;
+    use crate::runtime::Runtime;
+    use crate::syntax_tree::*;
+
+    let ast = Program {
+        body: Scope::new(vec![
+            Expr::new_variable_definition("a", Expr::new_literal(3.0)),
+            Expr::new_variable_assignment("a", Expr::new_literal(6.0)),
+            Expr::new_variable_definition(
+                "my_print",
+                Expr::new_function_definition(
+                    vec!["to_print"],
+                    Scope::new(vec![
+                        Expr::new_variable_definition("a", Expr::new_variable_call("to_print")),
+                        Expr::new_function_call("print", vec![Expr::new_variable_call("a")]),
+                    ]),
+                ),
+            ),
+            Expr::new_function_call("my_print", vec!["hello, PROUT".into()]),
+            Expr::new_function_call("print", vec![Expr::new_variable_call("a")]),
+        ]),
+    };
+    let exec = Parser::parse(ast, |builder| std_prelude(builder));
+    println!("\n\n\n-- running: --");
+    let _result = Runtime::new().execute(&exec);
+}

src/prelude.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+use crate::{
+    execution_tree::parser::ParserBuilder,
+    value::{function::Function, Value},
+};
+
+pub fn std_prelude(builder: &mut ParserBuilder) {
+    builder.prelude("print".into(), Function::new_native(1, print).into())
+}
+
+fn print(args: Vec<Value>) -> Value {
+    let to_print = args.get(0).unwrap();
+    println!("{to_print:?}");
+    Value::Bool(true)
+}

src/runtime.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{
+    execution_tree::{
+        Cond, Expr, ExprInner, FnCall, FnDef, FnRet, Id, Literal, Loop, LoopBr, Program, Scope,
+        VarAssign, VarCall, VarDef,
+    },
+    value::{
+        function::{
+            ConstructedFunctionExecutor, Function, FunctionExecutor, NativeFunctionExecutor,
+        },
+        Value,
+    },
+};
+
+pub struct FrameBuilder {
+    variables: HashMap<Id, Value>,
+}
+
+impl FrameBuilder {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let variables = HashMap::new();
+        Self { variables }
+    }
+
+    pub fn variable(&mut self, variable_id: &Id, default: Value) {
+        self.variables.insert(variable_id.clone(), default);
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Frame {
+    scope_id: Id,
+    variables: HashMap<Id, Value>,
+}
+
+impl Frame {
+    /// Puts all variable of that scope in the new frame
+    pub fn new<F>(scope: &Scope, builder: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut FrameBuilder),
+    {
+        let Scope {
+            scope_id,
+            local_variables,
+            ..
+        } = scope;
+
+        let mut frame_builder = FrameBuilder::new();
+        for variable in local_variables {
+            frame_builder.variable(variable, Value::None);
+        }
+        builder(&mut frame_builder);
+
+        let FrameBuilder { variables } = frame_builder;
+        let scope_id = scope_id.clone();
+        Self {
+            scope_id,
+            variables,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Stack {
+    frames: Vec<Frame>,
+}
+
+impl Stack {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let frames = Vec::new();
+        Self { frames }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_frame(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        self.frames.push(frame);
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop_frame(&mut self) {
+        let _dropped = self.frames.pop();
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, variable_id: &Id) -> Option<&Value> {
+        self.frames.iter().rev().find_map(|frame| {
+            frame
+                .variables
+                .iter()
+                .find(|(id, _value)| **id == *variable_id)
+                .map(|(_id, value)| value)
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, variable_id: &Id) -> Option<&mut Value> {
+        self.frames.iter_mut().rev().find_map(|frame| {
+            frame
+                .variables
+                .iter_mut()
+                .find(|(id, _value)| **id == *variable_id)
+                .map(|(_id, value)| value)
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ShortCircuit {
+    value: Value,
+    destination_scope_id: Id,
+}
+
+pub enum ExecReturn {
+    Value(Value),
+    ShortCircuit(ShortCircuit),
+}
+
+impl ExecReturn {
+    pub fn new_value(value: Value) -> Self {
+        Self::Value(value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_short_circuit(value: Value, destination_scope_id: Id) -> Self {
+        Self::ShortCircuit(ShortCircuit {
+            destination_scope_id,
+            value,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_value(self) -> Option<Value> {
+        if let Self::Value(value) = self {
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_shortcircuit(self) -> Option<ShortCircuit> {
+        if let Self::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) = self {
+            Some(short_circuit)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Into<ExecReturn> for Value {
+    fn into(self) -> ExecReturn {
+        ExecReturn::new_value(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Runtime {
+    stack: Stack,
+}
+
+impl Runtime {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let stack = Stack::new();
+        Self { stack }
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute(&mut self, program: &Program) -> Value {
+        self.execute_scope(&program.main_scope_id, program, |_| ())
+            .into_value()
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_scope<F>(
+        &mut self,
+        scope_id: &Id,
+        program: &Program,
+        frame_builder: F,
+    ) -> ExecReturn
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut FrameBuilder),
+    {
+        let scope = program.scopes.get(&scope_id).unwrap();
+        let Scope {
+            parent_scope_id: _,
+            expressions,
+            ..
+        } = scope;
+        let frame = Frame::new(scope, |builder| frame_builder(builder));
+        self.stack.push_frame(frame);
+
+        let mut last_expression = Value::None;
+        for expression in expressions {
+            let returned = self.execute_expression(expression, program);
+            match returned {
+                ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                    self.stack.pop_frame();
+                    return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit);
+                }
+                ExecReturn::Value(value) => {
+                    last_expression = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.stack.pop_frame();
+        last_expression.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_expression(&mut self, expression: &Expr, program: &Program) -> ExecReturn {
+        match expression.inner() {
+            ExprInner::Scope(scope_id) => self.execute_scope(scope_id, program, |_| ()),
+            ExprInner::Literal(literal) => self.execute_literal(literal),
+            ExprInner::VarDef(variable_definition) => {
+                self.execute_variable_definition(variable_definition, program)
+            }
+            ExprInner::VarAssign(variable_assignment) => {
+                self.execute_variable_assignment(variable_assignment, program)
+            }
+            ExprInner::VarCall(variable_call) => self.execute_variable_call(variable_call),
+            ExprInner::FnDef(function_definition) => {
+                self.execute_function_definition(function_definition)
+            }
+            ExprInner::FnCall(function_call) => {
+                self.execute_function_call(function_call, program).into()
+            }
+            ExprInner::FnRet(function_return) => {
+                self.execute_function_return(function_return, program)
+            }
+            ExprInner::Loop(loop_) => self.execute_loop(loop_, program),
+            ExprInner::LoopBr(loop_break) => self.execute_loop_break(loop_break, program),
+            ExprInner::Cond(condition) => self.execute_condition(condition, program),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_literal(&self, literal: &Literal) -> ExecReturn {
+        let Literal(value) = literal;
+        ExecReturn::new_value(value.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_variable_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        variable_definition: &VarDef,
+        program: &Program,
+    ) -> ExecReturn {
+        let VarDef { variable_id, value } = variable_definition;
+        let value = match self.execute_expression(value, program) {
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit);
+            }
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+        };
+        let variable = self.stack.get_mut(variable_id).unwrap();
+        *variable = value.clone();
+        value.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_variable_assignment(
+        &mut self,
+        variable_assignment: &VarAssign,
+        program: &Program,
+    ) -> ExecReturn {
+        let VarAssign { variable_id, value } = variable_assignment;
+        let value = match self.execute_expression(value, program) {
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit);
+            }
+        };
+        let variable = self.stack.get_mut(variable_id).unwrap();
+        *variable = value.clone();
+        value.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_variable_call(&mut self, variable_call: &VarCall) -> ExecReturn {
+        let VarCall { variable_id } = variable_call;
+        let variable = self.stack.get(variable_id).unwrap();
+        variable.clone().into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_function_definition(&mut self, function_definition: &FnDef) -> ExecReturn {
+        let FnDef {
+            parameter_ids: argument_ids,
+            body_scope_id,
+        } = function_definition;
+        let value = Function::new_constructed(argument_ids.clone(), body_scope_id.clone());
+        let value = Value::Function(value);
+        value.into()
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_function_call(
+        &mut self,
+        function_call: &FnCall,
+        program: &Program,
+    ) -> ExecReturn {
+        let FnCall {
+            variable_id,
+            arguments,
+        } = function_call;
+
+        let mut collector = Vec::new();
+        for argument in arguments {
+            match self.execute_expression(argument, program) {
+                ExecReturn::Value(value) => collector.push(value),
+                ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                    return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let arguments = collector;
+
+        let function = self
+            .stack
+            .get(variable_id)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_function()
+            .expect("calling a non-function variable")
+            .clone();
+        match function.executor() {
+            FunctionExecutor::Constructed(executor) => self
+                .execute_constructed_function(arguments, executor, program)
+                .into(),
+            FunctionExecutor::Native(executor) => {
+                self.execute_native_function(arguments, executor).into()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_constructed_function(
+        &mut self,
+        arguments: Vec<Value>,
+        executor: &ConstructedFunctionExecutor,
+        program: &Program,
+    ) -> Value {
+        let ConstructedFunctionExecutor {
+            parameter_ids,
+            body_scope_id,
+        } = executor;
+
+        let returned = self.execute_scope(body_scope_id, program, |builder| {
+            for (id, argument) in parameter_ids.iter().zip(arguments.into_iter()) {
+                builder.variable(id, argument)
+            }
+        });
+
+        match returned {
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(ShortCircuit {
+                value,
+                destination_scope_id: _,
+            }) => value,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_native_function(
+        &mut self,
+        arguments: Vec<Value>,
+        executor: &NativeFunctionExecutor,
+    ) -> Value {
+        (executor.closure)(arguments)
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_function_return(
+        &mut self,
+        function_return: &FnRet,
+        program: &Program,
+    ) -> ExecReturn {
+        let FnRet {
+            value,
+            function_scope_id,
+        } = function_return;
+
+        let value = match self.execute_expression(value, program) {
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(ShortCircuit {
+                value,
+                destination_scope_id: _,
+            }) => value,
+        };
+
+        ExecReturn::new_short_circuit(value, function_scope_id.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_loop(&mut self, loop_: &Loop, program: &Program) -> ExecReturn {
+        let Loop { body_scope_id } = loop_;
+
+        loop {
+            let value = self.execute_scope(body_scope_id, program, |_| ());
+            match value {
+                ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(ShortCircuit {
+                    value,
+                    destination_scope_id,
+                }) if destination_scope_id == *body_scope_id => return value.into(),
+                ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                    return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit)
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_loop_break(&mut self, loop_break: &LoopBr, program: &Program) -> ExecReturn {
+        let LoopBr {
+            value,
+            loop_scope_id,
+        } = loop_break;
+
+        let value = match self.execute_expression(value, program) {
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit)
+            }
+        };
+
+        ExecReturn::new_short_circuit(value, loop_scope_id.clone())
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute_condition(&mut self, condition: &Cond, program: &Program) -> ExecReturn {
+        let Cond {
+            condition,
+            arm_true,
+            arm_false,
+        } = condition;
+
+        let value = match self.execute_expression(condition, program) {
+            ExecReturn::Value(value) => value,
+            ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit) => {
+                return ExecReturn::ShortCircuit(short_circuit)
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Value::Bool(boolean) = value {
+            if boolean {
+                self.execute_expression(arm_true, program)
+            } else {
+                arm_false
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|arm_false| self.execute_expression(arm_false, program))
+                    .unwrap_or(Value::Bool(false).into())
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("non-boolean in condition");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/sequencing.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::{abstract_tree::Id, value::Value};
+
+pub struct Program {
+    statements: Vec<Statement>,
+    state: State,
+}
+
+pub enum Statement {
+    Label(Label),
+    VarAssign(VarAssign),
+    FnCall(FnCall),
+    Branch(Branch),
+}
+
+pub struct VarAssign {
+    variable:
+}
+
+pub struct FnCall {}
+
+pub struct State {
+    variables: HashMap<Id, Vec<Value>>,
+    next_instruction_index: usize,
+}
+
+impl Statement {
+    pub fn run(&self, state: &mut State) {}
+}
+
+pub mod parser {
+    pub struct Parser;
+
+    impl Parser {
+        pub fn parse() {
+            //
+        }
+    }
+}
+ */

src/syntax_tree.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+use crate::value::Value;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Program {
+    pub body: Scope,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Expr(pub Box<ExprInner>);
+
+impl Expr {
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> &ExprInner {
+        let Self(inner) = self;
+        inner
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> ExprInner {
+        let Self(inner) = self;
+        *inner
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_scope(instructions: Vec<Expr>) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Scope(Scope { instructions })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_literal<V: Into<Value>>(value: V) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Literal(Literal(value.into()))))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_definition<S: ToString>(name: S, value: Expr) -> Self {
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarDef(VarDef { name, value })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_assignment<S: ToString>(name: S, value: Expr) -> Self {
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarAssign(VarAssign { name, value })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_variable_call<S: ToString>(name: S) -> Self {
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::VarCall(VarCall { name })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_definition<S: ToString>(parameter_names: Vec<S>, body: Scope) -> Self {
+        let parameter_names = parameter_names.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnDef(FnDef {
+            body,
+            parameter_names,
+        })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_call<S: ToString>(name: S, arguments: Vec<Expr>) -> Self {
+        let name = name.to_string();
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnCall(FnCall { name, arguments })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_function_return(value: Expr) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::FnRet(FnRet { value })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_loop(body: Scope) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Loop(Loop { body })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_loop_break(value: Expr) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::LoopBr(LoopBr { value })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_condition(condition: Expr, arm_true: Expr, arm_false: Option<Expr>) -> Self {
+        Self(Box::new(ExprInner::Cond(Cond {
+            condition,
+            arm_true,
+            arm_false,
+        })))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for Expr
+where
+    T: Into<Value>,
+{
+    fn from(input: T) -> Self {
+        Self::new_literal(input.into())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ExprInner {
+    Scope(Scope),
+    Literal(Literal),
+    VarDef(VarDef),
+    VarAssign(VarAssign),
+    VarCall(VarCall),
+    FnDef(FnDef),
+    FnCall(FnCall),
+    FnRet(FnRet),
+    Loop(Loop),
+    LoopBr(LoopBr),
+    Cond(Cond),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Scope {
+    pub instructions: Vec<Expr>,
+}
+
+impl Scope {
+    pub fn new(instructions: Vec<Expr>) -> Self {
+        Self { instructions }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Literal(pub Value);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarDef {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarAssign {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VarCall {
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnDef {
+    pub parameter_names: Vec<String>,
+    pub body: Scope,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnCall {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub arguments: Vec<Expr>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FnRet {
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Loop {
+    pub body: Scope,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LoopBr {
+    pub value: Expr,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Cond {
+    pub condition: Expr,
+    pub arm_true: Expr,
+    pub arm_false: Option<Expr>,
+}

src/value.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use self::function::Function;
+pub mod function {
+    use crate::execution_tree::{Expr, Id};
+
+    use super::Value;
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct ConstructedFunctionExecutor {
+        pub parameter_ids: Vec<Id>,
+        pub body_scope_id: Id,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct NativeFunctionExecutor {
+        pub closure: fn(Vec<Value>) -> Value,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub enum FunctionExecutor {
+        Constructed(ConstructedFunctionExecutor),
+        Native(NativeFunctionExecutor),
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct Function {
+        pub argument_count: usize,
+        pub executor: FunctionExecutor,
+    }
+
+    impl Function {
+        pub fn new_constructed(argument_ids: Vec<Id>, body_scope_id: Id) -> Self {
+            let argument_count = argument_ids.len();
+            let executor = FunctionExecutor::Constructed(ConstructedFunctionExecutor {
+                parameter_ids: argument_ids,
+                body_scope_id,
+            });
+            Self {
+                argument_count,
+                executor,
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn new_native(argument_count: usize, closure: fn(Vec<Value>) -> Value) -> Self {
+            let executor = FunctionExecutor::Native(NativeFunctionExecutor { closure });
+            Self {
+                argument_count,
+                executor,
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn executor(&self) -> &FunctionExecutor {
+            &self.executor
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Into<Value> for Function {
+        fn into(self) -> Value {
+            Value::Function(self)
+        }
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Value {
+    None,
+    Bool(bool),
+    Number(f64),
+    String(String),
+    Object(HashMap<String, Value>),
+    Function(Function),
+}
+
+impl Value {
+    pub fn as_function(&self) -> Option<&Function> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(function) => Some(function),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for Value {
+    fn from(value: bool) -> Self {
+        Self::Bool(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<f64> for Value {
+    fn from(value: f64) -> Self {
+        Self::Number(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for Value {
+    fn from(value: String) -> Self {
+        Self::String(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for Value {
+    fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
+        value.to_string().into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<Option<T>> for Value
+where
+    T: Into<Value>,
+{
+    fn from(value: Option<T>) -> Self {
+        value.map_or(Value::None, |v| v.into())
+    }
+}